author：
Nagy, L.
(Nagy, L..)
[1]
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Koós, M.
(Koós, M..)
[2]
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Kraus, D.S.W.
(Kraus, D.S.W..)
[3]
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Demetrovics, Z.
(Demetrovics, Z..)
[4]
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Potenza, M.N.
(Potenza, M.N..)
[5]
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Ballester-Arnal, R.
(Ballester-Arnal, R..)
[6]
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Batthyány, D.
(Batthyány, D..)
[7]
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Bergeron, S.
(Bergeron, S..)
[8]
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Billieux, J.
(Billieux, J..)
[9]
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Briken, P.
(Briken, P..)
[10]
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Burkauskas, J.
(Burkauskas, J..)
[11]
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Cárdenas-López, G.
(Cárdenas-López, G..)
[12]
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Carvalho, J.
(Carvalho, J..)
[13]
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Castro-Calvo, J.
(Castro-Calvo, J..)
[14]
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Chen, L.
(Chen, L..)
[15]
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Chen, J.-K.
(Chen, J.-K..)
[16]
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Ciocca, G.
(Ciocca, G..)
[17]
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Corazza, O.
(Corazza, O..)
[18]
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Csako, R.
(Csako, R..)
[19]
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Fernandez, D.P.
(Fernandez, D.P..)
[20]
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Fujiwara, H.
(Fujiwara, H..)
[21]
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Fernandez, E.F.
(Fernandez, E.F..)
[22]
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Fuss, J.
(Fuss, J..)
[23]
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Gabrhelík, R.
(Gabrhelík, R..)
[24]
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Gewirtz-Meydan, A.
(Gewirtz-Meydan, A..)
[25]
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Gjoneska, B.
(Gjoneska, B..)
[26]
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Gola, M.
(Gola, M..)
[27]
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Grubbs, J.B.
(Grubbs, J.B..)
[28]
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Hashim, H.T.
(Hashim, H.T..)
[29]
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Islam, M.S.
(Islam, M.S..)
[30]
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Ismail, M.
(Ismail, M..)
[31]
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Jiménez-Martínez, M.C.
(Jiménez-Martínez, M.C..)
[32]
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Jurin, T.
(Jurin, T..)
[33]
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Kalina, O.
(Kalina, O..)
[34]
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Klein, V.
(Klein, V..)
[35]
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Költő, A.
(Költő, A..)
[36]
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Lee, S.-K.
(Lee, S.-K..)
[37]
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Lewczuk, K.
(Lewczuk, K..)
[38]
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Lin, C.-Y.
(Lin, C.-Y..)
[39]
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Lochner, C.
(Lochner, C..)
[40]
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López-Alvarado, S.
(López-Alvarado, S..)
[41]
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Lukavská, K.
(Lukavská, K..)
[42]
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Mayta-Tristán, P.
(Mayta-Tristán, P..)
[43]
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Miller, D.J.
(Miller, D.J..)
[44]
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Orosová, O.
(Orosová, O..)
[45]
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Orosz, G.
(Orosz, G..)
[46]
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Ponce, F.P.
(Ponce, F.P..)
[47]
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Quintana, G.R.
(Quintana, G.R..)
[48]
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Quintero, Garzola, G.C.
(Quintero, Garzola, G.C..)
[49]
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Ramos-Diaz, J.
(Ramos-Diaz, J..)
[50]
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Rigaud, K.
(Rigaud, K..)
[51]
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Rousseau, A.
(Rousseau, A..)
[52]
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De, Tubino, S.M.
(De, Tubino, S.M..)
[53]
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Schulmeyer, M.K.
(Schulmeyer, M.K..)
[54]
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Sharan, P.
(Sharan, P..)
[55]
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Shibata, M.
(Shibata, M..)
[56]
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Shoib, S.
(Shoib, S..)
[57]
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Sigre-Leirós, V.
(Sigre-Leirós, V..)
[58]
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Sniewski, L.
(Sniewski, L..)
[59]
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Spasovski, O.
(Spasovski, O..)
[60]
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Steibliene, V.
(Steibliene, V..)
[61]
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Stein, D.J.
(Stein, D.J..)
[62]
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Strizek, J.
(Strizek, J..)
[63]
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Štulhofer, A.
(Štulhofer, A..)
[64]
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Ünsal, B.C.
(Ünsal, B.C..)
[65]
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Vaillancourt-Morel, M.-P.
(Vaillancourt-Morel, M.-P..)
[66]
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Claire, Van, Hout, M.
(Claire, Van, Hout, M..)
[67]
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Bőthe, B.
(Bőthe, B..)
[68]
Abstract：
Sexual assertiveness (SA) is an important concept in understanding sexual well-being and decision-making. However, psychometric evaluation of existing measures of SA in diverse populations is largely lacking, hindering cross-cultural and comparative studies. This study validated the short version of the Sexual Assertiveness Questionnaire (SAQ-9) and examined its measurement invariance across several languages, countries, genders, sexual orientations, and relationship statuses among 65,448 sexually-active adults (Mage = 32.98 years, SD = 12.08, 58% women, 2.74% gender-diverse individuals) taking part in the International Sex Survey. The scale demonstrated adequate psychometric properties. Measurement invariance tests indicated that the SAQ-9 is suitable for comparing individuals from different cultures, genders, sexual orientations, and relationship statuses, and significant group differences were also noted (e.g., gender-diverse individuals reported the highest levels of SA). Findings suggest that the SAQ-9 is a reliable and valid measure of SA and appropriate for use in diverse populations, with specific populations exhibiting varying levels of SA. © The Author(s) 2025.
