Benefiting　from　excellent　metallic　conductivity,　full-spectrum　solar　energy　absorption　and　rich　active　sites　on　the　surface,　atomically　thin　two-dimensional　transition　metal　carbide　(2D　NiXene)　shows　great　promise　in　improving　solar-to-hydrogen　efficiency　and　has　drawn　intense　interest　in　the　field　of　photocatalysis.　However,　controllable　construction　of　ultrathin　2D　MXene-based　heterojunction　photocatalysts　still　remains　a　significant　challenge.　Herein,　one-dimensional　(1D)　CdS　nanorod/2D　MXene　nanosheet　heterojunctions　with　well-defined　nanostructures　and　strong　interfacial　coupling　are　fabricated　by　in　situ　assembling　solvothermally-generated　CdS　nanorods　on　ultrathin　Ti3C2　MXene　nanosheets.　Due　to　their　specific　interface　characteristics,　1D/2D　Schottky　heterojunction　is　capable　of　providing　accelerated　charge　separation　and　a　lower　Schottky　barrier　for　solar-driven　hydrogen　evolution　from　water　splitting.　As　expected,　the　Schottky-based　photocatalyst　is　7-fold　more　active　in　the　illuminated　hydrogen　evolution　reaction　(HER)　than　pristine　CdS　nanorods,　implying　the　synergistic　effects　between　n-type　semiconductor　CdS　and　highly　conductive　2D　Ti3C2　MXene　nanosheets.