Single　crystals　of　pure　and　Er3+　doped　BaLaGa3O7　were　grown　successfully　by　the　Czochralski　technique.　The　absorption　spectra,　emission　spectra　including　up-conversion,　near-infrared　and　mid-infrared　fluorescence　spectra,　as　well　as　the　fluorescence　decay　curves　were　measured　at　room　temperature.　The　optical　parameters　of　absorption　and　emission　cross　sections,　the　fluorescence　lifetimes　were　evaluated　and　compared.　Based　on　the　Judde-Ofelt　theory,　Judde-Ofelt　parameters　such　as　the　fluorescent　branching　ratios,　the　spontaneous　transition　probabilities　and　the　radiative　lifetimes　were　calculated.　According　to　the　energy　transfer　diagram,　the　rate　equation　model　was　built　and　discussed.　In　summary,　Er3+:　BaLaGa3O7　crystal　is　attractive　and　significant　as　laser　gain　material　for　realization　of　similar　to　2.7　mu　m　laser　output.