A　novel　recombinant　human-like　collagen/fibroin　scaffold　has　been　prepared　previously,　which　has　high　porosity,　controllable　pore　size,　and　much　better　mechanical　properties　than　the　reported　fibroin-based　scaffold.　In　this　research,　the　cell　responses　of　vascular　smooth　muscle　cells　to　this　blend　scaffold　were　examined　in　vitro.　Cell　morphology,　adherence,　and　growth　in　scaffolds　were　observed　by　scanning　electron　microscopy,　laser　scanning　confocal　microscopy　after　staining　of　the　cells　with　propidium　iodide　at　1,　3,　5,　and　7days,　respectively.　A　wide　range　of　measurements,　including　3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,　5-diphenyl　tetrasodium　bromide　assay,　and　total　intracellular　protein　content　at　the　end　of　7days　culture,　were　conducted.　An　increase　of　viability　and　protein　content　of　vascular　smooth　muscle　cells　cultured　in　recombinant　human-like　collagen/fibroin　scaffold　was　found.　The　laser　scanning　confocal　microscopy　and　scanning　electron　microscopy　results　confirm　that　the　cells　readily　adhered　and　proliferation　in　the　blend　than　in　fibroin　scaffold,　and　indicate　a　better　adhesion　process.　The　positive　effects　were　especially　significant　for　vascular　smooth　muscle　cells.　The　recombinant　human-like　collagen/fibroin　scaffold　could　be　a　promising　biomaterial　for　vascular　tissue　engineering.