In　this　study,　silver　nanoparticles　were　used　to　endow　poly(vinylidene　fluoride)　(PVDF)　membrane　with　excellent　surface　hydrophilicity　and　outstanding　antifouling　performance.　Silver　nanoparticles　were　successfully　immobilized　onto　PVDF　membrane　surface　under　the　presence　of　poly(acrylic　acid)　(PAA).　The　double　effects　of　silver　nanoparticles　on　PVDF　membrane,　i.e.,　surface　hydrophilicity　and　anti-fouling　performance,　were　systematically　investigated.　Judging　from　result　of　water　static　contact　measurement,　silver　nanoparticles　had　provided　a　significant　improvement　in　PVDF　membrane　surface　hydrophilicity.　And　the　possible　explanation　on　the　improvement　of　PVDF　membrane　surface　hydrophilicity　with　silver　nanoparticles　was　firstly　proposed　in　this　study.　Membrane　permeation　and　anti-bacterial　tests　were　carried　out　to　characterize　the　antifouling　performance　of　PVDF　membrane.　Flux　recovery　ratio　(FRR)　increased　about　40%　after　the　presence　of　silver　nanoparticles　on　the　PVDF　membrane　surface,　elucidating　the　anti-organic　fouling　performance　of　PVDF　membrane　was　elevated　by　silver　nanoparticles.　Simultaneously,　anti-bacterial　test　confirmed　that　PVDF　membrane　showed　superior　anti-biofouling　activity　because　of　silver　nanoparticles.　The　above-mentioned　results　clarified　that　silver　nanoparticles　can　endow　PVDF　membrane　with　both　excellent　surface　hydrophilicity　and　outstanding　antifouling　performance　in　this　study.　(C)　2012　Elsevier　B.V.　All　rights　reserved.