CdS-OH/polyacrylonitrile　(PAN)　hybrid　nanofibers　with　strong　photoluminescence　and　photocatalytic　hydrogen　production　efficiency　were　synthesized　by　one-step　co-electrospinning　for　the　first　time.　The　suspension　of　CdS-OH　nanoparticles　(size:　5　nm)　in　N,N-dimethylformamide　(DMF)　was　mixed　with　PAN/DMF　solutions　to　make　spinning　solutions,　followed　by　electrospinning　to　make　CdS-OH/PAN　hybrid　nanofibers.　Their　morphology　and　structure　were　characterized　by　SEM,　TEM,　XRD　and　fluorescence　spectrophotometer.　TEM　and　XRD　measurements　proved　that　the　crystallographic　structure　of　CdS-OH　nanoparticles　is　identical　to　that　of　CdS.　The　CdS-OH　nanoparticles　were　evenly　distributed　in　PAN　nanofibers　of　320　nm　in　diameter.　Thermogravimetrical　analysis　demonstrated　that　hybrid　nanofibers　were　more　thermally　stable　than　neat　PAN　nanofibers.　The　hybrid　nanofibers　displayed　excellent　photoluminescent　property.　Additionally,　they　showed　good　photocatalytic　hydrogen　production　efficiency　with　a　rate　of　13.5　mu　mol/h　g　fiber　containing　60　mg　of　CdS-OH　nanoparticles.　(c)　2012　Elsevier　Ltd.　All　rights　reserved.