In　order　to　solve　the　problem　of　cost　planning　regarding　environmental　governance,　the　current　solution　is　mainly　based　on　the　time　series-based　cost　forecast　methods,　and　neglects　to　consider　the　efficiency　of　environmental　governance.　Thus,　a　method　of　adaptive　network-based　fuzzy　inference　system　(ANFIS)　with　efficiency　preference　is　proposed　for　cost　planning　of　environmental　governance,　whose　basic　idea　is　to　consider　the　input-output　relationship　and　efficiency　in　environmental　governance　by　using　the　data　envelopment　analysis　(DEA)　undesired　output　model　and　ANFIS,　respectively.　In　the　case　analysis,　according　to　the　environmental　governance　data　of　various　provinces　in　China　from　2003　to　2015,　the　performance　analysis　and　comparison　are　carried　out　in　terms　of　accuracy　and　effectiveness　to　compare　with　the　conventional　methods.　The　results　show　that　the　proposed　method　is　effective　and　has　better　accuracy　than　those　methods.　©　2020,　Editorial　Office　of　Control　and　Decision.　All　right　reserved.