This　paper　proposes　a　new　approach　to　damage　detection　of　nano-SiO2　concrete-filled　glass　fiber　reinforced　polymer　(GFRP)　tube　column　using　piezoceramic　transducers.　Stress　waves　are　emitted　and　received　by　a　pair　of　piezoceramic　transducers　embedded　in　the　concrete-filled　GFRP　tube,　and　the　energy　and　damage　indices　at　different　levels　of　loading　in　the　tube　are　obtained　by　wavelet　packet　to　evaluate　the　damage　degree　of　GFRP　tube　nano-SiO2　concrete　column.　Through　the　experimental　studies,　the　effects　of　different　nano-SiO2　contents,　concrete　grades,　and　superplasticizer　on　the　damage　were　analyzed　to　gain　load–displacement　curves,　load–energy　index　curves,　and　load–damage　index　curves.　The　results　show　that　the　wave　method　can　be　adopted　to　monitor　the　damage　of　GFRP　tube　nano-SiO2　concrete　column.　The　specimens　with　3%　nano-SiO2　content　have　the　smallest　energy　change　rate,　indicating　that　adding　3%　nano-SiO2　content　into　concrete　can　effectively　delay　the　development　of　damage.　After　the　addition　of　superplasticizer,　with　the　increase　in　the　strength　grade　of　concrete,　the　cracks　in　the　specimen　tend　to　develop　slowly,　and　therefore　the　specimens　have　a　stronger　resistance　to　damage.　The　damage　of　the　specimens　with　the　nano-SiO2　content　of　1%　appeared　the　latest,　while　the　damage　without　the　nano-SiO2　specimen　appeared　the　fastest.　The　experimental　results　show　that　this　method　can　better　monitor　the　damage　of　the　Nano-SiO2　concrete　in　the　glass　fiber　reinforced　polymer　(GFRP)　tube.　©　2020　by　the　authors.　Licensee　MDPI,　Basel,　Switzerland.