As　the　priority　industry　brought　into　the　carbon　trading　system　in　China,　the　power　industry　has　become　an　important　subject　to　achieve　carbon　emission　reduction.　As　a　new　distributed　ledger　technology,　the　blockchain　technology　can　effectively　solve　the　problems　of　data　security　and　operation　efficiency　in　the　carbon　trading　system.　Based　on　the　blockchain　technology,　this　paper　proposes　a　whole　framework　of　the　carbon　trading　system　in　the　power　industry.　Based　on　the　framework,　this　paper　constructs　the　carbon　quota　cost　decision-making　model,　the　reward　and　penalty　model　of　carbon　emission　reduction　and　the　carbon　trading　matching　model,　to　realize　safe　and　efficient　carbon　trading.　The　emission　reduction　effort　index　is　introduced　as　the　process　promoter　and　the　link　of　the　above　three　models.　Finally,　the　effectiveness　of　the　carbon　trading　system　is　verified　by　an　example.　The　simulation　design　is　also　given,　which　shows　that　the　carbon　trading　system　based　on　blockchain　can　reduce　costs,　improve　efficiency,　and　increase　benefits.　©　2020　Automation　of　Electric　Power　Systems　Press.