Abstract:　China’s　pig　production　ranks　first　in　the　world.　However,　keeping　a　continuous　and　rapidly　sustainable　development　is　difficult　due　to　the　dual　constraints　of　environment　and　resources.　To　solve　this　problem,　the　key　regions　that　have　high　comprehensive　comparative　advantage　value　of　pig　production　and　development　must　be　determined.　Therefore,　this　study　established　a　comprehensive　comparative　advantage　index　system　and　a　comprehensive　comparative　advantage　model　of　pig　production　and　development.　On　this　basis,　the　comprehensive　comparative　advantage　value　of　pig　production　and　development　was　calculated,　and　the　key　pig　production　and　development　regions　were　selected　using　(geographic　information　system)　spatial　analysis　technology.　The　potential　quantity　of　pig　production　in　the　key　pig　production　and　development　regions　were　estimated　according　to　the　European　Union　standard　for　limitation　of　nutrient　load　of　farmland　from　livestock　manure.　Results　showed　that　the　largest　comprehensive　comparative　advantage　value　of　pig　production　and　development　in　China　was　0.58　in　Heilongjiang,　followed　by　0.55　in　Sichuan,　and　0.25　in　Beijing,　which　was　the　smallest.　The　11　provinces　selected　as　the　key　pig　production　development　regions　in　China　were　consistent　with　the　key　development　regions　or　potential　growth　regions　defined　in　the　National　Pig　Production　Development　Plan　2016–2020.　The　Inner　Mongolia　had　most　potential　quantity　of　pig　production,　followed　by　Sichuan.　The　results　of　this　study　could　provide　support　for　the　spatial　layout　planning　of　pig　farming　and　the　rational　allocation　of　regional　resources.　Graphic　abstract:　[Figure　not　available:　see　fulltext.]　©　2019,　Springer-Verlag　GmbH　Germany,　part　of　Springer　Nature.