In　order　to　address　the　wavelength　demodulation　of　the　overlapped　spectra　for　the　fiber　Bragg　grating　sensor　networks　with　limited　source　bandwidth,　a　wavelength　demodulation　method　based　on　peak　match　estimation　of　distribution　algorithm　is　proposed.　The　proposed　method　transforms　the　wavelength　demodulation　problem　into　a　function　optimization　problem,　where　the　optimization　model　is　constructed　through　minimizing　the　difference　between　the　theoretical　spectra　and　the　overlapped　spectra.　The　peak　match　estimation　of　distribution　algorithm　is　applied　to　solve　the　optimization　model　and　obtain　the　sensing　data　for　each　fiber　Bragg　grating.　Estimation　of　distribution　algorithm　utilizes　the　Gaussian　mixture　model　to　build　probability　distribution　of　the　solution　space　for　fiber　Bragg　grating　sensor　network,　and　the　probability　model　can　generate　new　individuals　in　the　evolution　of　estimation　of　distribution　algorithm.　The　peak　match　operator　is　introduced　into　the　estimation　of　distribution　algorithm　to　avoid　the　mismatch　of　the　peak　values　of　fiber　Bragg　gratings　and　obtain　the　final　optimal　solution.　The　experiments　are　conducted　under　different　numbers　of　fiber　Bragg　grating　sensor　network　using　the　proposed　method.　The　experimental　results　demonstrate　that　the　proposed　method　yields　the　mean　errors　within　10　pm　for　the　large　scale　fiber　Bragg　grating　sensor　network　even　when　the　spectra　of　fiber　Bragg　gratings　are　completely　overlapped.　Compared　with　other　demodulation　methods,　accuracy　of　the　proposed　method　is　higher,　and　it　can　well　solve　the　wavelength　demodulation　problem　when　the　spectra　of　fiber　Bragg　gratings　within　the　network　are　partially　or　completely　overlapped.　The　proposed　method　provides　a　new　way　to　improve　the　multiplexing　capability　of　fiber　Bragg　grating　sensor　networks.　©　2019,　Science　Press.　All　right　reserved.