Both　the　instantaneous　rotational　speed　(IRS)　and　vibration　of　a　rotating　shaft　are　key　information　for　condition　monitoring　and　faults　diagnosis　of　rotary　machinery.　Instead　of　using　a　rotational　speed　encoder　and　a　displacement　sensor　to　measure　the　IRS　and　the　vibration　of　a　rotating　shaft,　a　non-projection　fringe　pattern　and　vision-based　system　was　proposed　to　realize　simultaneous　measurement　of　IRS　and　axial　vibration　of　a　rotation　shaft.　A　composite　fringe　pattern　(CFP)　was　pasted　around　the　surface　of　the　shaft　and　worked　as　IRS　and　displacement　sensors.　Each　line　fringe　intensity　along　the　axial　direction　contained　two　fringe　period　densities　(FPDs),　in　which　each　FPD　ratio　only　corresponds　to　a　rotational　angle.　A　linear　array　image　sensor　was　employed　to　record　the　fringe　intensity,　from　which　the　time　domain　rotational　angle　could　be　obtained　from　the　change　of　the　FPD　ratio　and　the　axial　displacement　could　be　acquired　by　locating　the　maximum　peaks　of　the　cross　correlation　between　the　recorded　fringe　intensity　and　the　reference　one.　Thus,　the　IRS　could　be　obtained　accurately　and　efficiently　from　the　rotational　angle　by　multiplying　the　sampling　frame　rate　of　the　high-speed　camera.　Simulated　and　experimental　results　demonstrated　that　the　proposed　system　could　simultaneously　extract　the　IRS　and　axial　displacement　with　the　advantage　of　non-contact　and　effectiveness.　Therefore,　the　proposed　system　provides　an　alternative　vision-based　approach　for　the　simultaneous　measurement　of　IRS　and　axial　vibration.　©　2018　Elsevier　Ltd