In　the　past　few　years,　the　immobilization　of　biomolecules　on　hybrid　nanoflowers　and　metal-organic　frameworks　(MOFs)　via　self-assembly　synthesis　has　received　much　attention　due　to　its　simplicity,　high　efficiency,　and　a　bright　prospect　of　enhancing　the　stability,　activity　and　even　selectivity　of　biomolecules　compared　to　conventional　immobilization　methods.　In　the　synthesis　of　organic-inorganic　hybrid　nanoflowers,　biomolecules　used　as　organic　components　are　simply　mixed　with　metal　ions　which　act　as　inorganic　components　to　form　flower-like　nanocomposites,　while　in　the　self-assembly　process　of　encapsulating　biomolecules　in　MOFs　(biomolecule@MOF　composites),　the　biomolecules　just　need　to　be　added　to　the　precursor　mixtures　of　MOFs,　in　which　the　biomolecules　are　therefore　embedded　in　MOF　crystals　with　small　pores.　In　this　review,　we　focus　on　the　recent　advances　of　these　composites,　especially　in　the　synthesis　strategies,　mechanism　and　applications　in　biosensors,　biomedicine,　pollutant　disposal,　and　industrial　biocatalysis,　and　future　perspectives　are　discussed　as　well.　©　2018　The　Royal　Society　of　Chemistry.