Pristine　montmorillonite　(Mont)　samples　were　used　as　raw　materials　to　prepare　hydroxyl-Fe-pillared　Mont　(xOH/Fe-Mont,　x:　molar　ratio　of　OH/Fe),　hydroxyl-Al-pillared　Mont　(OH/Al-Mont)　and　hydroxyl-Fe-Al-pillared　Mont　(yFe/Al-Mont,　y:　molar　ratio　of　Fe/Al)　composites　for　the　adsorption　of　gentamicin　(Gen).　These　composites　were　comprehensively　characterized　through　X-ray　diffraction　(XRD)　and　Fourier　transformed　infrared　(FT-IR)　spectroscopy　to　reveal　the　adsorption　behavior　of　pristine　and　modified　Mont　for　Gen.　The　adsorption　capacity　of　the　Mont　composites　was　significantly　enhanced　after　modification,　with　the　adsorption　order　of　pristine　Mont　(42.83　mg/g)　OH/Al-Mont　(63.50　mg/g)　©　2016,　Chinese　Society　for　Environmental　Sciences.　All　right　reserved.