Tarim　River　Basin　is　located　at　the　core　area　of　The　Belt　and　The　Road　at　present　and　it　once　has　been　an　essential　transportation　hub　of　the　ancient　Silk　Road.　However,　Tarim　River　Basin　belongs　to　arid　and　semi-arid　region　where　water　resource　and　vegetation　cover　are　scarce,　leading　to　soil　erosion,　desertification,　and　environmental　degradation.　So　it　is　meaningful　to　study　the　variation　of　fractional　vegetation　cover　(FVC)　in　Tarim　River　Basin.　MODIS13Q1　data　of　Tarim　River　Basin　from　2000　to　2018　were　collected,　and　then,　the　pixel　dichotomy　model　and　Sen　Mann-Kendall　were　applied　in　this　research.The　results　were　as　follows:　(1)　The　area　ratio　of　different　FVC　types　fluctuated　with　time,　but　the　overall　trend　showed　a　slow　growth　trend.　(2)　In　the　trend　analysis　results,　Significant　improvement　was　concentrated　in　the　low　hills　and　oasis　areas　where　the　water　resources　in　the　basin　are　sufficient.　In　contrast,　Severe　degradation　presented　a　feature　of　plaque-like　sporadic　distribution.　(3)There　are　obvious　seasonal　differences　FVC　change.　More　specifically,　FVC　in　spring　and　winter　was　considerably　low,　and　yet　FVC　in　summer　and　autumn　was　improved　dramatically.　Severe　degradation　and　Significant　improvement　mainly　occur　in　summer　and　autumn,　and　remain　basically　unchanged　in　spring　and　winter.　©　2019　IEEE.