【Objective】　This　paper　explores　understory　seedlings　of　different　provenances　of　Machilus　pauhoi　and　their　response　to　geographical　environment　changes　with　the　intention　of　providing　theoretical　and　practical　basis　for　artificial　reforestation　of　natural　forest　and　selection　of　suitable　cultivation　environment　selection.【Method】Leaf　samples　were　collected　from　understory　seedlings　of　9　provenances　of　M.　pauhoi　and　variations　of　leaf　C,　N,　P　stoichiometry　of　different　provenances　were　analyzed　by　one-way　ANOVA　and　the　correlations　were　calculated　using　Pearson　method.　Representative　environmental　factors　were　selected　by　combining　both　entropy-weight　method　and　redundancy　analysis　method.　Based　on　stepwise　regression,　fitting　models　of　leaf　stoichiometry　and　environmental　factors　were　established.　Using　akaike　information　criterion,　the　best　fitting　models　were　chosen　to　analyze　the　influence　of　environmental　factors　on　leaf　stoichiometry　of　M.　pauhoi　understory　seedlings.　【Result】　Firstly,　leaf　P　concentrations,　C:P　and　N:P　of　M.　pauhoi　understory　seedlings　of　different　provenances　presented　extremely　significant　differences　(P　＜　0.01),　while　C　and　N　concentrations　as　well　as　C:N　presented　little.　For　the　variation　coefficients　of　leaf　stoichiometry,　P　concentrations,　C:P,　N:P,　N　concentrations,　C:N　and　C　concentrations　were　in　descending　order.　Secondly,　N　concentrations　were　extremely　significantly　positively　correlated　to　C　and　P　concentrations　(P　＜　0.01),　but　extremely　significantly　negatively　correlated　to　C:N　and　C:P　(P　＜　0.01).　P　concentrations　demonstrated　significant　positive　correlations　with　C　concentrations　(P　＜　0.05),　but　extremely　significant　negative　with　C:N,　C:P　and　N:P　(P　＜　0.01).　And　C:P　displayed　extremely　significant　positive　correlations　with　C:N　and　N:P　(P　＜　0.01).　Thirdly,　leaf　C,　N,　P　stoichiometry　of　M.　pauhoi　understory　seedlings　were　mutually　affected　by　longitude　and　mean　annual　temperature.　Leaf　C　and　N　concentrations　were　significantly　and　extremely　significantly　positively　correlated　with　longitude　(P　＜　0.05　and　P　＜　0.01,　respectively),　while　C:N　showed　a　significantly　negative　correlation　(P　＜　0.05).　Leaf　P　concentrations　were　extremely　significantly　positively　correlated　with　longitude　and　mean　annual　temperature　(P　＜　0.01),　while　C:P　and　N:P　extremely　significantly　and　significantly　negatively　correlated　(P　＜　0.01　and　P　＜　0.05,　respectively).　Longitude　rather　than　mean　annual　temperature　had　greater　effects　on　the　three.　【Conclusion】　Differences　were　detected　in　leaf　C,　N　and　P　stoichiometry　of　M.　pauhoi　understory　seedlings　of　different　provenances,　which　were　mainly　resulted　from　longitude　and　mean　annual　temperature.　As　a　consequence,　it　is　crucial　to　consider　the　adaptability　of　different　provenances　and　environmental　heterogeneity　during　the　process　of　artificial　reforestation　of　natural　M.　pauhoi　forest　and　selection　of　suitable　cultivation　environment.　©　2018,　Editorial　Department　of　Scientia　Silvae　Sinicae.　All　right　reserved.