Successful　regeneration　of　weight-bearing　bone　defects　and　critical-sized　cartilage　defects　remains　a　major　challenge　in　clinical　orthopedics.　In　the　past　decades,　biodegradable　polymer　materials　with　biomimetic　chemical　and　physical　properties　have　been　rapidly　developed　as　ideal　candidates　for　bone　and　cartilage　tissue　engineering　scaffolds.　Due　to　their　unique　advantages　over　other　materials　of　high　specific-surface　areas,　suitable　mechanical　strength,　and　tailorable　characteristics,　scaffolds　made　of　polymer　fibers　have　been　increasingly　used　for　the　repair　of　bone　and　cartilage　defects.　This　Review　summarizes　the　preparation　and　compositions　of　polymer　fibers,　as　well　as　their　characteristics.　More　importantly,　the　applications　of　polymer　fiber　scaffolds　with　well-designed　structures　or　unique　properties　in　bone,　cartilage,　and　osteochondral　tissue　engineering　have　been　comprehensively　highlighted.　On　the　whole,　such　a　comprehensive　summary　affords　constructive　suggestions　for　the　development　of　polymer　fiber　scaffolds　in　bone　and　cartilage　tissue　engineering.　©　2019　WILEY-VCH　Verlag　GmbH　&　Co.　KGaA,　Weinheim