Vegetation　cover　and　its　change　are　important　indicators　of　regional　environmental　change　and　it　is　of　great　significance　to　the　ecological　status　of　both　sides　of　the　river.　This　paper　adopts　the　principal　component　analysis　and　the　change　vector　analysis　to　analyze　first　the　data　of　GF-1　of　Aojiang　River　Basin　Water　Conservation　Area　in　October　2013,　November　2014　and　October　2015　respectively,　and　then　uses　the　local　minimum　misclassification　probability　method　that　can　automatically　determine　the　threshold　value　to　obtain　the　vegetation　change　area.　Finally,　the　change　of　vegetation　coverage　is　analyzed　by　NDVI.　The　quantitative　analysis　of　the　buffer　zone　and　different　cities　and　counties　in　Aojiang　river　water　source　protection　area　shows　the　improvement　of　vegetation　quality　in　the　Aojiang　River　Basin　(within　5　km　buffer　zone)　during　2013　—　2014!　the　improved　area　during　2014　—　2015　was　1.　27　times　and　1.　38　times　higher　than　that　in　the　degraded　area,　respectively.　The　vegetation　change　during　2013—2014　is　that　the　smaller　the　buffer　area　is,　the　greater　the　vegetation　improvement,　while　during　2014—2015　the　greater　the　buffer　zone　is,　the　greater　the　vegetation　improvement.　From　the　differences　of　vegetation　index　of　different　cities　and　counties,　the　most　obvious　area　of　degraded　vegetation　during　2013　—　2014　and　2014　—　2015　is　Lianjiang　County　with　proportion　of　degraded　area　occupied　by　vegetation　changing　from　6.　7%　to　17.　41%.　In　Gutian　County　with　the　largest　area　of　improvement,　the　proportion　of　the　area　of　vegetation　change　increases　from　19.　38%　to　27.　56%.　©　2019　Wuhan　University.　All　rights　reserved.