Most　of　the　traditional　photosensitizers　(PSs)　used　in　photodynamic　therapy　(PDT)　have　poor　tumor　targeting　and　phototoxic　side　effects.　Drug　delivery　systems　can　be　designed　to　be　triggered　to　release　payload　PSs　in　response　to　intracellular　hypoxia　and　acidic　environment　of　tumors　with　controllable　photoactivity　to　achieve　enhanced　therapeutic　effects　with　minimal　side-effects.　In　this　work,　we　synthesized　nitroimidazole-modified　chitosan　(Cs-NA)　and　prepared　Cs-NA/rose　bengal　ω-carboxyheptyl　ester　(a　rose　bengal　derivative,　RBD)　complex　nanoparticles　(Cs-NA/RBD)　for　pH　and　hypoxia　double-responsive　RBD　delivery.　Cs-NA/RBD　possessed　appropriate　particle　size　of　about　86.9　nm　and　zeta　potential　of　+33.4　mV,　showed　good　stability　in　cell　culture　medium,　and　demonstrated　increased　accumulative　release　at　acidic　and　hypoxia　condition　by　about　60%　compared　to　that　at　neutral　pH.　The　cellular　uptake　efficiency　of　Cs-NA/RBD　in　non-small　cell　lung　cancer　PC9　cells　increased　more　than　10　times　compared　with　Cs-NA/RB.　The　anti-proliferative　effects　and　the　generation　of　reactive　oxygen　species　(ROS)　in　PC9　cells　indicated　the　notable　photodynamic　therapeutic　effects　of　Cs-NA/RBD.　These　results　suggested　that　Cs-NA/RBD　could　be　a　promising　nanoplatform　for　enhanced　controllable　photodynamic　anticancer　therapy.　©　2020　Elsevier　Ltd