In　recent　years,　nanostructured　photocatalysts　have　become　the　research　focus　due　to　their　immense　potential　application　in　environmental　purification　and　energy　conversion.　The　photocatalytic　performance　of　photocatalysts　is　closely　related　to　their　synthesis　methods.　High-intensity　ultrasound　irradiation　could　provide　a　unique　tool　for　fabrication　of　photocatalysts　with　novel　nanostructures.　Ultrasound　induces　acoustic　cavitation　which　generates　unique　physicochemical　conditions,　e.g.,　hot　spot　(5000 °C),　high　pressure　of　100 MPa,　fast　rate　of　heat　conduction　(≫1 × 1010 °C·s−1).　These　unique　physicochemical　conditions　allow　for　the　synthesis　of　various　nanostructured　photocatalysts.　This　review　summarized　the　recent　development　in　fabrication　of　photocatalysts　with　special　nanostructures　and　their　applications.　The　typical　sonochemical　reactors　and　parameters　in　sonochemical　synthesis　are　introduced　and　discussed.　Sonochemically　prepared　structures　including　nano-/microspheres,　one-dimensional　(1D)　nanorods,　two-dimensional　(2D)　nanosheets　(nanoflakes,　nanosquares),　noble　metal　nanoparticle　(NP)-deposited　and　element-doped　photocatalysts　are　described　and　summarized.　It　is　believed　that　sonication　is　a　green　methodology,　and　it　holds　great　potential　in　the　near　future　for　nanostructured　photocatalyst　fabrication.　©　2016,　The　Nonferrous　Metals　Society　of　China　and　Springer-Verlag　Berlin　Heidelberg.