Electrochemical　immunodetection　has　attracted　considerable　attention　due　to　its　high　sensitivity,　low　cost　and　simplicity.　Large　efforts　have　recently　made　in　order　to　design　ultrasensitive　assays.　Noble　metal　nanoparticles　(NM-NPs)　offer　advantages　such　as　high　conductivity　and　large　surface-to-volume　ratio.　NM-NPs　therefore　are　excellent　candidates　for　developing　electrochemical　platforms　for　immunodetection　and　as　signal　tags.　The　use　of　biofunctionalized　NM-NPs　often　results　in　amplified　recognition　via　stronger　loading　of　signal　tags,　and　also　in　enhanced　signal.　This　review　(with　87　references)　gives　an　overview　on　the　current　state　in　the　use　of　NM-NPs　in　Non-enzymatic　electrochemical　immunosensing.　We　discuss　the　application　of　NM-NPs　as　electrode　matrices　and　as　electroactive　labels　(either　as　a　carrier　or　as　electrocatalytic　labels),　and　compare　the　materials　(mainly　nanoparticles　of　gold,　platinum,　or　of　bimetallic　materials)　in　terms　of　performance　(for　example　by　increasing　sensitivity　via　label　amplification　or　via　high　densities　of　capture　molecules).　A　conclusion　covers　current　challenges　and　gives　an　outlook.　Rather　than　being　exhaustive,　the　review　focuses　on　representative　examples　that　illustrate　novel　concepts　and　promising　applications.　NM-NPs　based　immunosensing　opens　a　series　of　concepts　for　basic　research　and　offers　new　tools　for　determination　of　trace　amounts　of　protein-related　analytes　in　environment　and　clinical　applications.　[Figure　not　available:　see　fulltext.]　©　2015,　Springer-Verlag　Wien.