Neural　tissue　engineering　aims　to　develop　functional　substitutes　for　damaged　tissues,　creating　many　promising　opportunities　in　regeneration　medicine　and　drug　discovery.　Biomaterial　scaffolds　routinely　provide　nerve　cells　with　a　physical　support　for　cell　growth　and　regeneration,　yielding　3D　extracellular　matrix　to　mimic　the　in　vivo　cellular　microenvironment.　Among　the　various　types　of　cellular　scaffolds　for　reconstruction,　biomimetic　nanofibrous　scaffolds　are　recognized　as　appropriate　candidates　by　precisely　controlling　morphology　and　shape.　Here,　we　review　the　current　techniques　in　fabricating　biomimetic　nanofibrous　scaffolds　for　neural　tissue　engineering,　and　describe　the　impact　of　nanofiber　components　on　the　properties　of　scaffolds　and　their　uses　in　therapeutic　models　and　drug　development.　We　also　discuss　the　current　challenges　and　future　directions　of　applying　3D　printing　and　microfluidic　technologies　in　neural　tissue　engineering.　©　2017　Elsevier　Ltd