Enzyme-free　(also　called　non-enzymatic　or　direct)　electrochemical　sensors　have　been　widely　used　for　the　determination　of　hydrogen　peroxide,　glucose,　and　uric　acid.　This　review　covers　the　recent　progress　made　in　this　field.　We　also　discuss　the　respective　sensor　materials　which　have　strong　effect　on　the　electro-catalytic　properties　of　the　electrodes　and　govern　the　performance　of　these　sensors.　In　addition,　perspectives　and　current　challenges　of　enzyme-free　electrochemical　sensors　are　outlined.　Contains　142　references.　[Figure　not　available:　see　fulltext.]　©　2013　Springer-Verlag　Wien.