A　series　of　cadmium　sulfide-graphene　(CdS-GR)　nanocomposites　with　different　weight　addition　ratios　of　graphene　(GR)　have　been　synthesized　via　a　facile　one-step　hydrothermal　approach,　during　which　the　formation　of　CdS　nanoparticles　and　the　reduction　of　graphene　oxide　(GO)　occur　simultaneously.　X-ray　diffraction　(XRD),　UV-vis　diffuse　reflectance　spectra　(DRS),　field-emission　scanning　electron　microscopy　(FE-SEM),　transmission　scanning　electron　microscopy　(TEM),　energy-dispersive　X-ray　spectroscopy　(EDX),　nitrogen　adsorption-desorption,　photoluminescence　spectra　(PL),　and　electron　spin　resonance　spectra　(ESR)　are　employed　to　determine　the　properties　of　the　samples.　It　is　found　that　the　CdS　nanoparticles　evenly　overspread　on　the　graphene　scaffold,　and　the　properties　of　the　samples,　including　morphology,　pore　structure,　optical,　and　electronic　nature,　are　able　to　be　tuned　by　the　addition　of　GR　as　compared　with　blank-CdS　prepared　in　the　absence　of　GR.　The　photocatalytic　activities　of　the　as-prepared　CdS-GR　nanocomposites　are　evaluated　by　selective　oxidation　of　a　range　of　alcohols　under　mild　conditions.　To　our　best　knowledge,　it　is　the　first　time　to　use　CdS-GR　nanocomposites　as　visible　light　photocatalyst　for　selective　organic　transformation.　Our　results　demonstrate　that　the　as-prepared　CdS-GR　nanocomposites　can　serve　as　a　promising　visible-light-driven　photocatalyst　for　selective　oxidation　of　alcohols　to　corresponding　aldehydes.　The　high　photoactivity　of　CdS-GR　can　be　ascribed　to　the　integrative　effect　of　enhanced　light　absorption　intensity,　high　electron　conductivity　of　GR,　and　its　significant　influence　on　the　morphology　and　structure　of　the　samples.　It　is　hoped　that　our　current　work　could　widen　the　application　of　CdS-GR　nanocomposites　and　open　promising　prospects　for　the　utilization　of　GR-based　semiconductor　nanocomposites　as　visible　light　photocatalyst　for　selective　organic　transformations.　©　2011　American　Chemical　Society.