Multiple　bradykinin-related　peptides　including　a　novel　bradykinin　structural　variant,　(Val1)-bradykinin,　have　been　identified　from　the　defensive　skin　secretion　of　Guenther＇s　frog,　Hylarana　guentheri　by　a　tandem　mass　spectrometry　method.　Subsequently,　four　different　preprobradykinin　cDNAs,　which　encoded　multiple　bradykinin　copies　and　its　structural　variants,　were　consistently　cloned　from　a　skin　derived　cDNA　library.　These　preprobradykinin　cDNAs　showed　little　structural　similarity　with　mammalian　kininogens　and　the　kininogens　from　the　skin　of　toads,　but　have　regions　that　are　highly　conserved　in　the　kininogens　from　another　ranid　frog,　Odorrana　schmackeri.　Alignment　of　these　preprobradykinins　revealed　that　preprobradykinin　1,　2　and　3　may　derive　from　a　single　gene　by　alternative　exon　splicing.　©　2007　Elsevier　Inc.　All　rights　reserved.