Disclosed　are　a　preparation　method　and　application　of　a　4-methyl-5-vinylthiazolyl　polymerized　spherical　ionic　liquid　catalyst.　The　method　comprises　:　　preparing　a　functional　ionic　liquid　monomer　successfully　by　taking　4-methyl-5-vinylthiazole　as　the　matrix,　　and　preparing　the　polymerized　spherical　ionic　liquid　from　the　monomer.　The　catalyst　combines　the　advantages　of　both　ionic　liquid　and　the　polymer,　　and　has　the　characteristics　of　large　specific　surface　area,　　high　catalytic　activity,　　high　mass　transfer　rate,　　good　selectivity,　　high　stability,　　easy　recycling　and　separating,　　environmental　friendliness,　　wide　industrial　application　prospect,　　etc.　The　spherical　ionic　liquid　is　made　into　a　novel　catalytic　packing　and　then　put　into　a　reactive　distillation　column　for　continuous　reactive　distillation　of　esterification　and　transesterification　to　realize　the　organic　combination　of　the　ionic　liquid　and　the　reactive　distillation　technology,　　achieving　good　catalytic　activity,　　high　product　yield,　　environmental　friendliness,　　and　low　corrosivity,　　which　has　great　significance　in　realizing　an　environment-friendly　process.