In　this　study,　sediments　were　collected　from　two　different　sites　in　the　deep-sea　hydrothermal　region　of　the　South　Atlantic　Ocean.　Two　microbial　enrichment　cultures　(H7S　and　H11S),　which　were　enriched　from　the　sediments　collected　at　two　sample　sites,　could　effectively　degrade　petroleum　hydrocarbons.　The　bacterial　diversity　was　analyzed　by　high-throughput　sequencing　method.　The　petroleum　degradation　ability　were　evaluated　by　gas　chromatography-mass　spectrometry　and　gravimetric　analysis.　We　found　that　the　dominant　oil-degrading　bacteria　of　enrichment　cultures　from　the　deep-sea　hydrothermal　area　belonged　to　the　genera　Pseudomonas,　Nitratireductor,　Acinetobacter,　and　Brevundimonas.　After　a　14-day　degradation　experiment,　the　enrichment　culture　H11S,　which　was　obtained　near　a　hydrothermal　vent,　exhibited　a　higher　degradation　efficiency　for　alkanes　(95%)　and　polycyclic　aromatic　hydrocarbons　(88%)　than　the　enrichment　culture　H7S.　Interestingly,　pristane　and　phytane　as　biomarkers　were　degraded　up　to　90%　and　91%　respectively　by　the　enrichment　culture　H11S,　and　six　culturable　oil-degrading　bacterial　strains　were　isolated.　Acinetobacter　junii　strain　H11S-25,　Nitratireductor　sp.　strain　H11S-31　and　Pseudomonas　sp.　strain　H11S-28　were　used　at　a　density　ratio　of　95:4:1　to　construct　high-efficiency　oil-degrading　consortium　H.　After　a　three-day　biodegradation　experiment,　consortium　H　showed　high　degradation　efficiencies　of　74.2%　and　65.7%　for　total　alkanes　and　PAHs,　respectively.　The　degradation　efficiency　of　biomarkers　such　as　pristane　and　high-molecular-weight　polycyclic　aromatic　hydrocarbons　(such　as　CHR)　reached　84.5%　and　80.48%,　respectively.　The　findings　of　this　study　indicate　that　the　microorganisms　in　the　deep-sea　hydrothermal　area　are　potential　resources　for　degrading　petroleum　hydrocarbons.　Consortium　H,　which　was　artificially　constructed,　showed　a　highly　efficient　oil-degrading　capacity　and　has　significant　application　prospects　in　oil　pollution　bioremediation.