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Abstract:
The large Hebaoshan gold deposit (41.5 t Au, average grade: 3.5 g/t) is located in a hitherto poorly documented gold province in the northeastern part of the South China Block. It is hosted by Precambrian metasedimentary rocks that experienced Triassic greenschist- to amphibolite-facies metamorphism. Three hydrothermal stages can be distinguished: quartz + sericite + pyrite + pyrrhotite (stage I), quartz + magnetite + sulfide (stage II), and quartz + carbonate + pyrite + hematite (stage III). Auriferous pyrite samples yielded a Rb-Sr isochron age of 234 +/- 3 Ma (2 sigma, MSWD = 0.24), and ore-related hydrothermal sericite yielded a Ar-40-Ar-39 plateau age of 226.4 +/- 2.0 Ma (2 sigma, MSWD = 1.01), which are distinctly younger than ca. 430 Ma granitic rocks in the mining district and older than 170-130 Ma granites in the region, ruling out any genetic link between granite emplacement and gold mineralization. The mineralizing fluid system can be described as carbonic-aqueous with low to moderate salinity (2.2-10.1 wt% NaCl equiv.) and medium temperature of 290 to 350 degrees C (stage I) and 230 to 280 degrees C (stage II). The delta O-18 quartz ranges from 13.3 to 15.4 parts per thousand, and the delta D values for fluid inclusions in quartz range from - 97 to - 60 parts per thousand. The calcite has C-isotopes ranging from - 6.1 to - 3.8 parts per thousand and O-isotopes from 2.8 to 13.6 parts per thousand. H-O-C isotope data are consistent with a metamorphic fluid derived from devolatilization of Neoproterozoic basement rocks during regional metamorphism in the Late Triassic Indosinian period. The delta S-34 values of sulfides for stages I, II, and III are 0.1 to 7.8 parts per thousand, - 10.6 to 5.1 parts per thousand, and - 18.9 to - 14.1 parts per thousand, respectively, indicating an increase in oxygen fugacity during fluid ascent which resulted in more negative sulfur isotope values of sulfides and precipitation of gold. Pyrite separates have Pb-206/Pb-204 ratios of 17.340 to 17.687, Pb-207/Pb-204 ratios of 15.539 to 15.604, and Pb-208/Pb-204 ratios of 37.749 to 38.094. The S-Pb isotope data suggest derivation of S and Pb from the Precambrian metasedimentary country rocks. Auriferous pyrite yielded elevated He-3/He-4 ratios (0.78-1.46 Ra), which suggest a mantle component as can be expected from fluids derived from a subduction setting. It is concluded that Hebaoshan is an orogenic gold deposit that formed during Triassic flat-slab subduction of the paleo-Pacific plate beneath the South China Block and thus constitutes the first Triassic deposit of this type recognized in the coastal area of Southeast China.
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MINERALIUM DEPOSITA
ISSN: 0026-4598
Year: 2021
Issue: 1
Volume: 57
Page: 13-34
5 . 2 0 6
JCR@2021
4 . 4 0 0
JCR@2023
ESI Discipline: GEOSCIENCES;
ESI HC Threshold:77
JCR Journal Grade:1
CAS Journal Grade:1
Cited Count:
SCOPUS Cited Count: 14
ESI Highly Cited Papers on the List: 0 Unfold All
WanFang Cited Count:
Chinese Cited Count:
30 Days PV: 2
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