The　Gram-positive　bacterium　Bacillus　subtilis　initiates　the　sporulation　process　under　conditions　of　nutrient　limitation.　Here,　we　review　related　work　in　this　field,　focusing　on　the　protein　processing　of　the　pro-sigma(K)　activation.　The　purpose　of　this　review　is　to　illustrate　the　mechanism　of　pro-sigma(K)　activation　and　provide　structural　insights　into　the　regulation　of　spore　production.　Sporulation　is　not　only　important　in　basic　science　but　also　provides　mechanistic　insight　for　bacterial　control　in　applications　in,　e.g.,　food　industry.