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Cationic group distribution and elemental composition are two key factors determining the conductivity and stability of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) for vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). Herein, fluorinated tetra-dimethylaminomethyl-poly(fluorenyl ether)s (TAPFE)s were designed as the polymer precursors, which were reacted with 6-bromo-N,N,N-trimethylhexan-1-aminium bromide to introduce di-quaternary ammonium (DQA) containing side chains. The resultant DQA-TAPFEs with a rigid fluorinated backbone and flexible multi-cationic side chains exhibited distinct micro-phase separation as probed by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). DQA-TAPFE-20 with an ion exchange capacity (IEC) of 1.55 mmol g(-1) exhibited a SO42- conductivity of 10.1 mS cm(-1) at room temperature, much higher than that of a control AEM with an identical backbone but spaced out cationic groups, which had a similar IEC of 1.60 mmol g(-1) but a SO42- conductivity of only 3.2 mS cm(-1). Due to the Donnan repulsion effect, the DQA-TAPFEs exhibited significantly lower VO2+ permeability than Nafion 212. The VRFB assembled with DQA-TAPFE-20 achieved an energy efficiency of 80.4% at 80 mA cm(-1) and a capacity retention rate of 82.9% after the 50th cycling test, both higher than those of the VRFB assembled with Nafion 212 and other AEMs in the literature. Therefore, the rationally designed DQA-TAPFEs are promising candidates for VRFB applications.
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ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
ISSN: 1944-8244
Year: 2021
Issue: 16
Volume: 13
Page: 18923-18933
1 0 . 3 8 3
JCR@2021
8 . 5 0 0
JCR@2023
ESI Discipline: MATERIALS SCIENCE;
ESI HC Threshold:142
JCR Journal Grade:1
CAS Journal Grade:2
Cited Count:
WoS CC Cited Count: 25
SCOPUS Cited Count: 25
ESI Highly Cited Papers on the List: 0 Unfold All
WanFang Cited Count:
Chinese Cited Count:
30 Days PV: 2
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