In　this　study,　a　laminated　composite　damping　structure　(LCDS)　with　metal　rubber　(MR)　as　matrix　and　silicone　rubber　(SR)　as　reinforcement　has　been　designed.　The　embedded　interlocking　structure　formed　by　the　multi-material　interface　of　the　LCDS　can　effectively　incorporate　the　high　damping　characteristics　of　traditional　polymer　damping　materials　and　significantly　enhance　the　adjustable　stiffness　of　the　damping　structure.　Based　on　the　periodic　cyclic　vibration　excitation,　dynamic　tests　on　different　laminated　structures　were　designed,　and　the　damping　performance　and　fatigue　characteristics　under　periodic　vibration　excitation　of　the　LCDS,　based　on　MR　and　SR,　were　explored　in　depth.　The　experimental　results　exhibited　that,　compared　to　single-compound　damping　structures,　the　LCDS　with　SR　as　reinforcement　and　MR　as　matrix　has　excellent　stiffness　and　damping　characteristics.　The　incorporation　of　the　silicon-based　reinforcement　can　significantly　improve　the　performance　of　the　entire　structure　under　cyclic　fatigue　vibration.　In　particular,　the　effects　of　material　preparation　and　operating　parameters　on　the　composite　structure　are　discussed.　The　effects　of　MR　matrix　density,　operating　frequency,　amplitude,　and　preload　on　the　stiffness　and　damping　properties　of　the　MR-　and　SR-based　LCDS　were　investigated　by　the　single　factor　controlled　variable　method.　The　results　demonstrated　that　the　vibration　frequency　has　little　effect　on　the　LCDS　damping　performance.　By　increasing　the　density　of　the　MR　matrix　or　increasing　the　structural　preload,　the　energy　dissipation　characteristics　and　damping　properties　of　the　LCDS　can　be　effectively　improved.　With　the　increase　in　vibration　excitation　amplitude,　the　energy　consumption　of　the　LCDS　increases,　and　the　average　dynamic　stiffness　changes　at　different　rates,　resulting　in　the　loss　factor　decreasing　first　and　then　increasing.　In　this　study,　a　damping　structure　suitable　for　narrow　areas　has　been　designed,　which　overcomes　the　temperature　intolerance　and　low　stiffness　phenomena　of　traditional　polymer　rubber　materials,　and　provides　effective　guidance　for　the　design　of　damping　materials　with　controllable　high　damping　and　stiffness.　©　2020　by　the　authors.　Licensee　MDPI,　Basel,　Switzerland.