Different　microbial　components　have　different　responses　to　environmental　disturbances.　Here,　we　found　that　the　planktonic　bacterial　and　micro-eukaryotic　communities　had　different　responses　to　anthropogenic　activity　disturbance　in　a　subtropical　river,　because　they　had　different　survival　strategies　(generalist　and　specialist).　We　used　nutrients　(nitrogen　and　phosphorus)　as　indicators　of　anthropogenic　activities.　We　found　that　river　stretch　1　showed　low　nutrient　concentrations　from　October　2018　to　September　2019.　However,　a　nutrient　disturbance　was　observed　in　river　stretch　2.　The　nutrient　concentrations　increased　largely　in　December　and　January　but　recovered　to　low　values　in　June.　Bacterial　communities　had　higher　resilience　under　this　disturbance　than　micro-eukaryotic　communities　in　river　stretch　2.　The　bacterial　community　composition　were　quite　different　between　the　two　river　stretches　in　December　and　January　but　were　similar　in　June　and　July.　However,　the　differences　of　micro-eukaryotic　community　composition　between　the　two　river　stretches　were　always　high　during　the　study　period.　The　bacterial　communities　in　river　stretch　2　contained　more　generalists　and　nutrient　tolerant　specialists.　The　bacterial　nutrient　tolerant　specialists　rapidly　decreased　in　the　low　nutrient　months　and　were　replaced　by　the　generalists.　Bacteria　which　were　involved　in　this　shifts　accounted　for　29.3%　of　the　total　abundance.　However,　the　micro-eukaryotic　communities　in　river　stretch　2　contained　more　moderate　generalists.　These　moderate　generalists　were　insensitive　to　the　variation　of　nutrients　and　only　19.56%　of　the　micro-eukaryotes　had　significant　responses　to　the　disturbance.　The　survival　strategies　caused　bacterial　communities　had　higher　adaptability　than　eukaryotes　to　environmental　fluctuation.　©　2021　Elsevier　B.V.