Bacteria　widely　exist　in　the　natural　environment　and　are　closely　related　to　human　health.　The　identification　and　detection　of　bacteria　are　of　great　significance　for　public　health　and　medical　health.　Recently,　more　attention　has　been　attracted　in　molecular　recognition-based　bacteria　biosensing　with　high　specificity　and　sensitivity.　Herein,　recent　progresses　of　bacterial　detection　based　on　molecular　recognition　are　reviewed.　Molecular　recognition　methods　are　classified　into　three　kinds　of　interactions:　antibody-antigen　immune　interaction,　nucleic　acid　recognition　based　on　Watson-Crick　base-pairing,　and　aptamer-ligand　interaction.　Finally,　the　existing　bottlenecks　of　bacterial　detection　related　research　are　summarized,　and　the　potential　of　this　field　is　inspiring.　©　2021,　Editorial　Department　of　Chem.　J.　Chinese　Universities.　All　right　reserved.