Nanotechnology-based　combination　anticancer　therapy　offers　novel　approaches　to　overcome　the　limitations　of　single-agent　administration.　The　emerging　siRNA　technology　combined　with　chemotherapy　has　shown　considerable　promise　in　anticancer　therapy.　There　are　three　main　challenges　in　the　fabrication　of　siRNA/chemotherapeutic　drug　co-loaded　nanovectors:　adequate　cargo　protection,　precise　targeted　delivery,　and　site-specific　cargo　release.　This　review　presents　a　summary　of　the　nanosystems　that　have　recently　been　developed　for　co-delivering　siRNA　and　chemotherapeutic　drugs.　Their　combined　therapeutic　effects　are　also　discussed.　©　The　Royal　Society　of　Chemistry　2021.