The　polycaprolactone　(PCL)　and　nano-hydroxyapatite　(nHAP)　composite　is　an　attractive　material　for　bone　scaffolds　with　excellent　mechanical　properties　and　osteoinductivity.　It　also　exhibited　good　biocompatibility　as　well　as　controllable　biodegradability.　We　have　recently　developed　a　PCL　and　nHAP　composite　scaffold,　which　is　embedded　with　poly　(lactic-co-glycolic　acid)　(PLGA)　microspheres　(μs).　It　achieved　controlled　delivery　of　bioactive　factors.　In　this　study,　Icariin　(ICA)　encapsulated　with　PLGAμs　was　embedded　in　3D　printed　PCL/nHAP　scaffolds　to　facilitate　in　situ　bone　regeneration.　The　scaffold　exhibited　excellent　mechanical　performance　owing　to　the　nHAP.　The　PCL/nHAP　scaffold　showed　sustainable　release　of　ICA　as　the　PCL　degraded.　The　PCL　degradation　produced　cracks　on　the　surface　of　the　scaffold,　and　then　the　PLGAμs　was　exposed　to　phosphate　buffer　solution.　The　released　ICA　promoted　the　osteogenic　differentiation　of　MC3T3-E1.　Consistently,　in　vivo　studies　showed　that　the　composite　scaffolds　releasing　ICA　promoted　the　healing　of　calvaria　bone.　In　conclusion,　PCL/PLGAμs/nHAP　composite　scaffold　by　3D　printing　may　serve　as　an　efficient　material　for　bone　tissue　repair　and　regeneration.　©　2022　Elsevier　Ltd