Probiotics　have　been　proved　to　have　beneficial　effects　in　improving　hyperlipidemia.　The　purpose　of　the　current　research　was　to　investigate　the　ameliorative　effects　of　Pediococcus　acidilactici　FZU106,　isolated　from　the　traditional　brewing　of　Hongqu　rice　wine,　on　lipid　metabolism　and　intestinal　microbiota　in　high-fat　diet　(HFD)-induced　hyperlipidemic　rats.　Results　showed　that　P.　acidilactici　FZU106　intervention　obviously　inhibited　the　abnormal　increase　of　body　weight,　ameliorated　serum　and　liver　biochemical　parameters　related　to　lipid　metabolism　and　oxidative　stress.　Histopathological　evaluation　also　showed　that　P.　acidilactici　FZU106　could　significantly　reduce　the　excessive　lipid　accumulation　in　liver　caused　by　HFD-feeding.　Furthermore,　P.　acidilactici　FZU106　intervention　significantly　increased　the　short-chain　fatty　acids　(SCFAs)　levels　in　HFD-fed　rats,　which　was　closely　related　to　the　changes　of　intestinal　microbial　composition　and　metabolism.　Intestinal　microbiota　profiling　by　high-throughput　sequencing　demonstrated　that　P.　acidilactici　FZU106　intervention　evidently　increased　the　proportion　of　Butyricicoccus,　Pediococcus,　Rothia,　Globicatella　and　[Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenes_group,　and　decreased　the　proportion　of　Corynebacterium_1,　Psychrobacter,　Oscillospira,　Facklamia,　Pseudogracilibacillus,　Clostridium_innocuum_group,　Enteractinococcus　and　Erysipelothrix　in　HFD-fed　rats.　Additionally,　P.　acidilactici　FZU106　significantly　regulated　the　mRNA　levels　of　liver　genes　(including　CD36,　CYP7A1,　SREBP-1c,　BSEP,　LDLr　and　HMGCR)　involved　in　lipid　metabolism　and　bile　acid　homeostasis.　Therefore,　these　findings　support　the　possibility　that　P.　acidilactici　FZU106　has　the　potential　to　reduce　the　disturbance　of　lipid　metabolism　by　regulating　intestinal　microflora　and　liver　gene　expression　profiles.