The　scratch　characteristics　in　micron　scale　on　16　kinds　of　materials　(2　kinds　of　glasses,　2　kinds　of　polymers,　4　kinds　of　ceramics,　4　kinds　of　metals　and　4　kinds　of　metallic　glasses)　were　assessed　by　means　of　Rockwell　C　diamond　indentation　with　progressive　load.　The　results　show　that　these　materials　all　have　the　maximum　scratch　retention　rate　(the　ratio　of　residual　indentation　depth　to　indentation　depth)　related　to　elastic　recovery,　which　can　be　used　as　the　transition　point　of　the　apparent　friction　coefficient　curve.　The　apparent　friction　coefficient　of　scratches　is　composed　of　adhesive　friction　coefficient　and　furrow　friction　coefficient.　The　three-dimensional　mechanical　contact　model　can　be　used　to　accurately　characterize　the　friction　coefficient　except　for　metallic　glass.　The　initial　friction　coefficient　of　the　material　is　related　to　the　Poisson＇s　ratio.　Polymeric　materials　(PC　and　PMMA)　have　special　double　scratch　grooves　due　to　stacking　and　sinking　effects.　The　ratio　of　the　hardness　of　scratched　materials　to　the　indentation　hardness　for　16　kinds　of　materials　is　0.33~2.5,　and　there　is　a　linear　relationship　between　the　scratch　hardness　and　the　volume　modulus.　The　linear　elastic　fracture　mechanics　(LEFM)　model　and　microscopic　energy　size　effect　(MESEL)　model　were　used　to　calculate　the　fracture　toughness　of　the　material.　The　results　show　that:　LEFM　model,　Akono＇s　MESEL　model　and　Hubler＇s　MESEL　model　can　accurately　characterize　the　fracture　toughness　of　materials　with　low　fracture　toughness　(glasses,　ceramics　and　polymers),　while　the　deviation　of　calculation　results　for　metal　materials　with　high　fracture　toughness　is　large.　Liu＇s　MESEL　model　can　be　used　to　characterize　the　fracture　toughness　of　materials　with　large　fracture　toughness　(metallic　materials　and　some　metallic　glasses).　The　fracture　toughness　of　the　material　has　a　piecewise　linear　correlation　with　Poisson＇s　ratio.　©　2022,　Editorial　Office　of　Chinese　Journal　of　Materials　Research.　All　right　reserved.