The　detection　of　X-rays　has　always　been　a　frontier　of　scientific　research.　An　Eu-MOF　with　both　X-ray-induced　photochromic　and　scintillation　properties　has　been　synthesized　through　the　combination　of　a　photochromism-active　viologen　ligand　and　rare　earth　Eu　element　with　high-efficiency　absorption　of　X-rays.　In　a　bright　environment,　Eu-MOF　exhibits　different　color　changes　under　high-energy　X-rays　and　low-energy　X-rays,　which　can　effectively　distinguish　X-rays.　Eu-MOF　can　also　be　used　for　X-ray　detection　by　scintillation　properties　in　dark　environments.　This　work　provides　a　new　perspective　on　the　design　of　multifunctional　materials　that　can　perform　simple　X-ray　detection　in　different　environments.　©　2022　The　Royal　Society　of　Chemistry