Landform　classification,　which　is　a　key　topic　of　geography,　is　of　great　significance　to　a　wide　range　of　fields　including　human　construction,　geological　structure　research,　environmental　governance,　etc.　Previous　studies　of　landform　classification　generally　paid　attention　to　the　topographic　or　texture　information,　whilst　the　watershed　spatial　structure　has　not　been　used.　This　study　developed　a　new　landform　classification　method　based　on　watershed　geospatial　structure.　Via　abstracting　the　landform　into　the　internal　and　marginal　structure,　we　adopted　the　gully　weighted　complex　network　(GWCN)　and　watershed　boundary　profile　(WBP)　to　simulate　the　watershed　geospatial　structure.　Introducing　various　indices　to　quantitatively　depict　the　watershed　geospatial　structure,　we　conducted　the　landform　classification　on　the　Northern　Shaanxi　of　Loess　Plateau　with　a　watershed-based　strategy　and　established　the　classification　map.　The　classified　landform　distribution　has　significant　spatial　aggregation　and　clear　regional　boundaries.　Classification　accuracy　reached　89%　and　the　kappa　coefficient　reached　0.87%.　Besides,　the　proposed　method　has　a　positive　response　to　some　similar　and　complex　landforms.　In　general,　the　present　study　first　utilized　the　watershed　geospatial　structure　to　conduct　landform　classification　and　is　an　efficient　landform　classification　method　with　well　accuracy　and　universality,　offering　additional　insights　for　landform　classification　and　mapping.　©　2022　The　Author(s).　Published　by　Informa　UK　Limited,　trading　as　Taylor　&　Francis　Group.