ABSTRACT:　Physical　unclonable　function　(PUF)　labels　play　a　key　role　in　anticounterfeiting　applications　using　unique　inherent　randomness　of　physical　patterns.　In　this　study,　we　developed　a　colorful　plasmonic　anticounterfeiting　label　with　immense　encoding　capacity　using　randomly　distributed　silver　nanoparticles　(AgNPs)　bearing　three　distinct　sizes　on　the　surface　of　the　silica　film　deposited　silicon　wafer.　The　colloidal　AgNPs　can　scatter　different　far-field　scattering　light　in　the　visible　wavelength　region,　hinging　on　their　nanoscale　size.　By　conversion　of　the　colorful　plasmonic　PUF　labels　into　RGB　codes,　a　superior　encoding　capacity　(＞=　87396)　can　be　achieved.　We　have　demonstrated　that　the　users　can　identify　the　label　authenticity　using　an　artificial　intelligence　algorithm　no　matter　the　different　exposure　time,　brightness,　contrast　of　light　source,　and　even　small　accidental　cracks/scrapes　applied　on　the　colorful　plasmonic　PUF　labels.　These　features　provide　more　feasibility　for　the　practical　application　of　colorful　plasmonic　PUF　anticounterfeiting　labels.　Overall,　the　developed　low-cost　and　colorful　plasmonic　PUF　label　system　with　easy　encoding,　quick　decoding　process,　ultra-high　coding　capacity,　and　high　tolerance　toward　defects　demonstrates　a　milestone　for　PUF　labels　in　realworld　applications.