Despite　huge　potentials　of　NK　cells　in　adoptive　cell　therapy　(ACT),　formidable　physical　barriers　of　the　tumor　tissue　and　deficiency　of　recognizing　signals　on　tumor　cells　severely　prevent　NK　cell　infiltrating,　activating　and　killing　performances.　Herein,　a　nano-immunomodulator　AuNSP@alpha　CD16　(CD16　antibody　encoding　plasmid)　is　explored　to　remodel　the　tumor　microenvironment　(TME)　for　improving　the　antitumor　effects　of　adoptive　NK　cells.　The　as-prepared　AuNSP,　with　a　seaurchin-like　gold　core　and　a　cationic　polymer　shell,　exhibited　a　high　gene　transfection　efficiency　and　a　stable　NIR-II　photothermal　capacity.　The　AuNSP　could　trigger　mild　photothermal　intervention　to　partly　destroy　tumors　and　collapse　the　dense　physical　barriers,　making　a　permeable　TME　for　NK　cell　infiltration.　What＇s　more,　the　AuNSP　could　achieve　alpha　CD16　gene　transfection　to　modify　tumor　surface　with　CD16　antibody,　marking　a　unique　structure　on　tumor　cells　for　NK　cell　recognition　and　then　lead　to　strong　NK　cell　activation　by　CD16-mediated　antibody-dependent　cellular　cytotoxicity　(ADCC).　As　expected,　the　designed　AuNSP@alpha　CD16　induced　an　immune-favorable　TME　for　NK　cell　performing　killing　functions　against　solid　tumors,　increasing　the　release　of　cytolytic　granules　and　proinflammatory　cytokines,　which　ultimately　achieved　a　robustly　boosted　NK　cell-based　immunotherapy.　Hence,　the　AuNSP@alpha　CD16-mediated　TME　reconstituting　strategy　provides　a　substantial　perspective　for　NK-based　ACT　on　solid　tumors.　Statement　of　significance　In　adoptive　cell　therapy　(ACT),　natural　killer　(NK)　cells　exhibit　greater　off-the-shelf　utility　and　improved　safety　comparing　with　T　cells,　but　the　efficacy　of　NK　cell　therapy　is　severely　compromised　by　formidable　physical　barriers　of　the　tumor　tissue　and　deficiency　of　NK　cell　recognizing　signals　on　tumor　cells.　Herein,　a　nano-immunomodulator　AuNSP@alpha　CD16,　with　the　abilities　of　inducing　mild　photothermal　intervention　and　modifying　the　tumor　cell　surface　with　alpha　CD16,　is　explored　to　reconstruct　an　infiltration-favorable　and　activation-facilitating　tumor　microenvironment　for　NK　cells　to　perform　killing　functions.　Such　a　simple　and　safe　strategy　is　believed　as　a　very　promising　candidate　for　future　NK-based　ACT.　(C)　2022　Acta　Materialia　Inc.　Published　by　Elsevier　Ltd.　All　rights　reserved.