BACKGROUND:　China＇s　14th　Five-Year　Plan　for　National　Economic　and　Social　Development　and　the　Long-Range　Objectives　Through　the　Year　2035　clearly　points　out　that　it　is　necessary　to　implement　innovation　driven　strategy,　promote　enterprise　technological　innovation,　and　better　play　the　important　role　of　entrepreneurs　in　enterprise　technological　innovation.　Therefore,　it　is　of　great　significance　to　explore　the　impact　of　entrepreneurial　leadership　on　enterprises＇　technological　innovation.　OBJECTIVE:　From　the　perspective　of　technological　innovation　stream,　we　divide　ambidextrous　innovation　into　mainstream　innovation　and　new　stream　innovation.　Integrating　ambidexterity　theory,　innovation　streams　theory　and　cognitive　affective　personality　system　theory　(CAPS),　we　explore　the　mediating　mechanism　of　entrepreneurial　ambidextrous　leadership　on　ambidextrous　innovation　from　cognitive　path,　affective　path　and　cognitive-affective　compound　path.　METHODS:　Based　on　the　data　collected　from　254　top　managers　in　12　provinces　in　China,　we　conducted　descriptive　statistical　analysis,　reliability　and　validity　analysis,　regression　analysis　and　bootstrap　mediating　effect　test　on　the　sample　data.　RESULTS:　Our　empirical　results　revealed　that:　1)　entrepreneurial　ambidextrous　leadership　positively　related　with　the　ambidextrous　innovation;　2)　organizational　paradoxical　cognition　plays　a　partly　mediating　role　between　ambidextrous　leadership　and　ambidextrous　innovation;　3)　organizational　affective　conflict　plays　a　partly　mediating　role　between　ambidextrous　leadership　and　ambidextrous　innovation;　4)　organizational　paradoxical　cognition　negatively　related　with　organizational　affective　conflict;　5)　organizational　paradoxical　cognition　and　organizational　affective　conflict　play　a　chain　mediating　role　between　entrepreneurial　ambidextrous　leadership　and　ambidextrous　innovation.　CONCLUSIONS:　Combined　with　the　cognitive　affective　personality　system　theory,　our　research　explores　the　mediating　mechanism　of　entrepreneurial　ambidextrous　leadership　on　ambidextrous　innovation　from　cognitive　path　and　affective　path　and　＇cognitive-affective＇　compound　path,　which　not　only　have　great　theoretical　contributions,　but　also　have　important　significance　in　enterprise　management　practice.　©　2022　-　IOS　Press.　All　rights　reserved.