Tumor-selective　near　infrared-induced　photothermal　therapy　is　a　successful　approach　for　ablation　of　malignant　and　cancerous　cells.　In　the　NIR　region,　tissue　penetration　depth　in　the　near-infrared　second　region　(NIR-II,　1000–1700　nm)　is　deeper　than　that　of　the　traditional　near-infrared　first　region　(NIR-I,　700–900 nm)　for　the　lower　scattering　and　absorption.　However,　there　are　few　photothermal　conversion　agents　(PCAs)　in　the　NIR-II.　And　these　PCAs　are　quickly　identified　by　the　immune　system　and　rapidly　cleared　by　the　reticuloendothelial　system　(RES),　leading　to　low　accumulation　in　tumor,　which　prevents　further　advanced　clinical　practice.　In　this　work,　the　conjugated　polymer,　PBTPBFTDPP,　is　prepared　and　assembled　into　nanoparticles　(SPN).　Then,　the　genetically　engineered　cell　membranes　are　coated　on　the　surface　of　SPN　to　obtain　the　positive　targeting　ability　(SPN-TF).　The　obtained　SPN-TF　nanoparticles　exhibit　an　excellent　photothermal　conversion　ability,　predominant　targeting　efficiency,　and　superb　photothermal　therapy　for　anticancer　both　in　vitro　and　in　vivo.　These　works　will　inspire　more　translational　work　on　SPN　for　future　clinical　applications.　©　2022　Wiley-VCH　GmbH.