Semiconductor-based　photocatalytic　technology　is　regarded　as　an　efficient　pathway　for　resolving　the　energy　scarcity　across　the　globe.　In　this　regard,　graphitic　carbon　nitride　(g-C3N4)based　materials　could　be　alternatively　employed　in　photochemical　applications　such　as　photovoltaic　energy　generation　via　CO2　photoreduction　and　water　splitting,　along　with　natural　resource　purification　via　organic/inorganic　pollutant　degradation.　Indeed,　this　kind　of　assertion　has　been　made　by　considering　the　intrinsic　physicochemical　properties　of　g-C3N4　nanomaterials,　owing　to　their　increased　surface　area,　quantum　yield,　surface　charge　isolation,　distribution,　and　ease　of　modification　through　material　configuration　or　incorporation　of　preferred　interfacial　capabilities.　This　review　article　has　been　designed　to　provide　the　most　up-to-date　information　regarding　the　further　assessment　of　the　important　advancements　in　fabrication　along　with　photochemical　applications　of　various　g-C3N4　nanomaterials,　while　specifically　focusing　on　the　scientific　reason　behind　its　success　in　each　assessment.　The　discovery　of　interventions　to　alleviate　such　restrictions　and　boost　photocatalytic　performance　has　gained　substantial　interest.　Following　photo-excitation　fundamentals,　this　work　explains　two　distinct　photoexcitation　mechanisms,　the　carrier　and　charge　transfer　techniques,　wherein　the　significant　exciting　state　impact　of　g-C3N4　has　still　not　been　widely　focused　on　in　past　studies.　In　this　regards,　we　cautiously　introduce　the　updated　advances　and　associated　functions　of　the　alteration　techniques,　including　morphological　features,　elemental　dopants,　deficiency　engineering,　and　heterojunction　implemented　in　photocatalytic　performance,　which　are　equated　from　the　carrier　and　charge　transport　perceptions.　The　future　perspectives　in　designing　and　properly　tuning　the　highly　active　hierarchical　or　copolymer　g-C3N4　nanoparticles　in　a　photocatalytic　system,　which　may　improve　the　renewable　energy　cultivation　and　reduction　efficiency　are　critically　deciphered　in　detail　and　outlined　thoroughly.　(C)　2022　The　Author(s).　Published　by　Elsevier　B.V.　on　behalf　of　King　Saud　University.