X-ray　imaging　and　computed　tomography　(CT)　technology,　as　the　important　non-destructive　measurements,　can　observe　internal　structures　without　destroying　the　detected　sample,　which　are　always　used　in　biological　diagnosis　to　detect　tumors,　pathologies,　and　bone　damages.　It　is　always　a　challenge　to　find　materials　with　a　low　detection　limit,　a　short　exposure　time,　and　high　resolution　to　reduce　X-ray　damage　and　acquire　high-contrast　images.　Here,　we　described　a　low-cost　and　high-efficient　method　to　prepare　centimeter-sized　anthracene　crystals,　which　exhibited　intense　X-ray　radioluminescence　with　a　detection　limit　of　∼0.108　μGy　s-1,　which　is　only　one-fifth　of　the　dose　typically　used　for　X-ray　diagnostics.　Additionally,　the　low　absorption　reduced　the　damage　in　radiation　and　ensured　superior　cycle　performance.　X-ray　detectors　based　on　anthracene　crystals　also　exhibited　an　extremely　high　resolution　of　40　lp　mm-1.　The　CT　scanning　and　reconstruction　of　a　foam　sample　were　then　achieved,　and　the　detailed　internal　structure　could　be　clearly　observed.　These　indicated　that　organic　crystals　are　expecting　to　be　leading　candidate　low-cost　materials　for　low-dose　and　highly　sensitive　X-ray　detection　and　CT　scanning.　©　2022　American　Chemical　Society.