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Environmentally friendly potassium sodium niobate (KNN)-based ceramics are potential electronic functional materials due to multiphase coexistence. Aliovalent doping on the A-site with different ions plays a key role in phase boundary engineering. However, the difference of contribution to the phase boundary from various A-site dopants is not clear in multielement high performance KNN-based ceramics. Herein, the individual contribution to phase structure and comparison of typical aliovalent ions (Bi3+ and Ca2+) on the A-site, are considered in terms of influence on electrical properties. Within a maintained rhombohedral-orthorhombic-tetragonal (R-O-T) phase boundary at room temperature, both phase transition temperatures for rhombohedral-orthorhombic (TR-O) and orthorhombic-tetragonal (TO-T) gradually enhance with increasing Ca2+ and decreasing Bi3+, resulting in elevating R phase and reducing T phase. This phenomenon indicates that the contribution of Ca2+ to increase TR-O is stronger than that from Bi3+, while the effect on decreasing TO-T from Ca2+ is weaker with respect to Bi3+ during phase boundary formation. The enhancement of TR-O and TO-T is due to the lower electronegativity of Ca2+ than Bi3+ which benefits an R phase with high ionicity. There is only a small change in T-C and diffusion degree when Bi3+ is replaced by Ca2+, because of the similar substitution of Bi3+ and Ca2+ on the A-site. Meanwhile, enhanced O vacancies are due to the lower valence of Ca2+ than that of Bi3+. Then, electrical properties including ferroelectricity, piezoelectricity and strain, retain high values originating from the maintained R-O-T phase boundary. Moreover, improved stability of piezoelectricity and strain under changing temperature, are achieved based on enhanced TO-T. Thus, this work provides an effective method to further optimize multiphase structures via appropriate doping in KNN-based ceramics.
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PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
ISSN: 1463-9076
Year: 2022
Issue: 45
Volume: 24
Page: 27670-27677
3 . 3
JCR@2022
2 . 9 0 0
JCR@2023
ESI Discipline: CHEMISTRY;
ESI HC Threshold:74
JCR Journal Grade:2
CAS Journal Grade:2
Cited Count:
WoS CC Cited Count: 3
SCOPUS Cited Count: 3
ESI Highly Cited Papers on the List: 0 Unfold All
WanFang Cited Count:
Chinese Cited Count:
30 Days PV: 2
Affiliated Colleges: