Sodium-ion　batteries　(SIBs)　have　gained　tremendous　attention　for　large-scale　energy　storage　applications　due　to　the　natural　abundance,　low　cost,　and　even　geographic　distribution　of　sodium　resources　as　well　as　a　similar　working　mechanism　to　lithium-ion　batteries　(LIBs).　One　of　the　critical　bottlenecks,　however,　is　the　design　of　high-performance　and　low-cost　anode　materials.　Graphite　anode　that　has　dominated　the　market　share　of　LIBs　does　not　properly　intercalate　sodium　ions.　However,　other　carbonaceous　materials　are　still　considered　as　one　of　the　most　promising　anode　materials　for　SIBs　in　virtue　of　their　high　electronic　conductivity,　abundant　active　sites,　hierarchical　porosity,　and　excellent　mechanical　stability.　In　this　review,　we　have　tried　to　summarize　the　latest　progresses　made　on　the　development　of　carbon-based　negative　electrodes　(including　hard　carbons,　soft　carbons,　and　synthetic　carbon　allotropes)　for　SIBs.　We　also　have　provided　a　comprehensive　understanding　of　their　physical　properties,　the　sodium　ions　storage　mechanisms,　and　the　improvement　measures　to　cope　with　the　current　challenges.　In　addition,　we　have　proposed　future　research　directions　for　SIBs　that　will　provide　important　insights　into　further　development　of　carbon-based　materials　for　SIBs.　©　2022　The　Chemical　Society　of　Japan　&　Wiley-VCH　GmbH.