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The direct reduction of inert planar arenes and heteroarenes with visible light remains rarely explored, as the energy of one visible-light photon is unable to overcome the stabilization of aromatics. Here we report a system based on boron carbonitride semiconductor, which can reduce arenes and heteroarenes in water under blue light irradiation. The system features the advantage of low-cost, high-efficiency, facile separation, benign environmental profile and broad substituent tolerance. The methodology can be extended to late-stage functionalization and/or deuteration of drugs, hormones and axially chiral compounds with conserved chirality. Moreover, gram-scale synthesis is successfully implemented with catalyst recycling. Mechanistic investigations support a consecutive blue-light-induced energy and electron transfer process, which accumulates sufficient energy to reduce arenes to arene anions by absorbing two photons successively. The metal-free system introduces a simple and sustainable reactivity mode for semiconductor photocatalysts and enriches the chemical toolkit for a class of demanding and valuable organic transformations.
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NATURE CATALYSIS
ISSN: 2520-1158
Year: 2022
Issue: 12
Volume: 5
Page: 1157-1168
3 7 . 8
JCR@2022
4 2 . 9 0 0
JCR@2023
ESI Discipline: CHEMISTRY;
ESI HC Threshold:74
JCR Journal Grade:1
CAS Journal Grade:1
Cited Count:
WoS CC Cited Count: 41
SCOPUS Cited Count: 43
ESI Highly Cited Papers on the List: 0 Unfold All
WanFang Cited Count:
Chinese Cited Count:
30 Days PV: 1
Affiliated Colleges: