Biodiesel　is　a　clean　and　renewable　energy　source,　and　it　is　one　of　the　most　potential　development　directions　to　deal　with　problems　such　as　greenhouse　effect,　environmental　pollution,　and　energy　shortage.　The　second-generation　biodiesel　is　a　hydrocarbon　mixture　prepared　by　the　hydroconversion　of　lipid　with　the　assistance　of　hydrogen　(H2).　It　has　similar　components　to　the　traditional　petrochemical　diesel.　In　addition　to　the　advantages　of　greenness,　high　cetane　number　and　renewability,　it　also　has　the　characteristics　of　good　low-temperature　fluidity,　low　oxygen　content,　high　stability　and　high　calorific　value.　It　can　be　mixed　with　petrochemical　diesel　without　fraction　limitation.　This　review　systematically　summarizes　the　research　progress　in　the　preparation　of　second-generation　biodiesel　by　catalytic　hydroconversion　of　lipid　in　recent　years.　We　discuss　the　hydroconversion　mechanism,　active　phase　of　catalysts,　catalyst　supports　and　hydroconversion　process,　with　special　emphasis　on　the　design　and　development　of　highly　efficient　hydroconversion　catalysts.　In　addition,　the　opportunities　and　challenges　in　the　field　of　lipid　hydrogenation　to　produce　second-generation　biodiesel　were　analyzed,　and　the　future　development　directions　were　prospected.　©　2023　Chemical　Industry　Press.　All　rights　reserved.