Blue　phosphorene　has　triggered　enormous　research　effort　as　an　anode　for　Li-ion　batteries　due　to　its　large　surface　and　high　capacity.　However,　its　application　is　hindered　by　poor　electrical　conductivity,　mechanical　properties　and　mobility.　Graphdiyne　exhibits　excellent　mechanical　properties　and　high　storage　capacity　but　low　Li-ion　mobility.　Herein,　we　designed　blue　phosphorene/graphdiyne　(BlueP/GDY)　heterostructure　as　a　potential　anode　material　for　LIB　based　on　denstity　functional　theory.　We　demonstrated　that　BlueP/GDY　heterostructure　exhibits　good　thermodynamics　stability　and　enhanced　elastic　stiffness　(Young＇s　modulus　is　215.9　N/m),　which　can　effectively　avoid　electrode　cracking　and　pulverization.　Synergistic　effect　between　BlueP　and　GDY　significantly　enhanced　binding　strength　of　Li　for　composite　compared　with　isolated　BlueP　and　GDY.　The　transition　of　semiconducting　to　metallic　induced　by　Li　intercalation　suggested　better　metallic　conductivity　for　fast　electron　transport.　Furthermore,　BlueP/GDY　heterostructure　delivers　high　theoretical　specific　capacity　(761.76　mA·h·g−1)　and　rather　small　Li-ion　diffusion　energy　barriers　(0.11　eV),　which　is　estimated　to　be　105　times　faster　than　that　on　isolated　BlueP　and　GDY　at　room　temperature,　indicating　excellent　rate　performance　for　BlueP/GDY　anode.　Therefore,　it　is　expected　that　BlueP/GDY　heterostructure　has　great　potential　in　LIBs　with　excellent　mechanical　stability,　good　electrical　conductivity,　high　capacity　and　fast　Li-ion　mobility.　©　2022　Elsevier　B.V.